What is the name of the court-like proceeding that ensures fairness in disciplinary actions?

The correct choice regarding the court-like proceeding that ensures fairness in disciplinary actions is a hearing. A hearing is a formal process where evidence and arguments are presented before an impartial decision-maker, ensuring that all parties have the opportunity to present their case and respond to the evidence against them. This is crucial in disciplinary actions, as it upholds principles of due process, allowing for a fair assessment of the situation and a transparent resolution.

In a hearing, procedural rules are typically followed, allowing for the examination of witnesses and the presentation of evidence and legal arguments. This reflects a structured environment similar to a court proceeding, which helps to establish legitimacy and fairness in the outcome.

In contrast, arbitration is a private dispute resolution process where an arbitrator makes a binding decision, but it is typically less formal than a hearing. Mediation involves a neutral third party helping the disputing parties reach a voluntary agreement and does not result in a binding decision like a hearing would. Judicial review, on the other hand, refers to the process by which a higher court reviews the legality of decisions made by lower courts or administrative bodies, rather than being an initial process for assessing disciplinary actions.